In brief
Coughing is not normal in cats and is rarely caused by a hairball. Asthma and chronic bronchitis are common possibilities, but lungworm, infection and other causes must also be considered.
What a cough can look like
A cat may crouch low, extend the neck and make repeated forceful abdominal movements. Because retching and coughing can look similar, a video is extremely helpful. Open-mouth breathing, blue or grey gums, marked abdominal effort or collapse is an emergency.
Asthma and chronic bronchitis
These lower-airway disorders cause inflammation, airway narrowing and mucus production. Asthma has a prominent bronchoconstrictive component, while chronic bronchitis involves ongoing inflammatory change; overlap is common. Treatment often includes corticosteroids and, when indicated, bronchodilators. Inhaled therapy can reduce systemic exposure but requires correct technique and training.
Other causes
- Lungworm, especially in cats that hunt or go outdoors.
- Bacterial, viral or parasitic respiratory disease.
- Pneumonia or aspiration.
- Tumours, heartworm in relevant regions or an inhaled foreign body.
- Heart disease rarely causes coughing in cats, although it can cause breathing difficulty.
Investigation and environment
Chest imaging is usually important; parasite tests, blood work, airway sampling or advanced imaging may be needed. Reduce smoke, aerosols, perfume, dusty litter and other airway irritants, but environmental change alone is not a substitute for diagnosis and medication.
Conclusion
Record the episode if it is safe, count sleeping respiratory rate and arrange veterinary assessment. Breathing difficulty is always urgent.