In brief
Antifreeze containing ethylene glycol is highly toxic to cats. Even a small amount can be fatal. If exposure or ingestion is possible, contact a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately and do not wait for symptoms.
Why is antifreeze dangerous?
Ethylene glycol is converted in the body into substances that can cause severe acidosis and irreversible kidney damage. Cats can become critically ill after ingesting only a small amount.
What signs can occur?
During the first hours a cat may appear unsteady, sleepy, nauseous or unusually thirsty. The cat may then seem to improve while kidney damage continues. Vomiting, loss of appetite, profound lethargy and little or no urine may follow.
What should you do?
Treat every possible exposure as an emergency. Contact a veterinarian immediately, even if your cat seems well. Do not induce vomiting or give home remedies unless a veterinarian specifically instructs you to do so. If possible, bring the product container or a photograph of its label.
Diagnosis and treatment
The veterinarian assesses the risk using the exposure history, examination, blood and urine tests and, when needed, additional testing. Antidotal treatment is only useful early in the course of poisoning. Intensive intravenous fluids and supportive care may also be required. Once severe kidney failure develops, the prognosis is often poor.
Prevention
Store antifreeze securely, clean spills immediately and check vehicles for leaks. Keep cats away from garages and other places where coolant is handled.
Conclusion
With possible antifreeze exposure, every minute matters: contact a veterinarian immediately.
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