In brief
Diabetes mellitus develops when a cat cannot use insulin effectively. Glucose then remains in the bloodstream instead of entering the body’s cells, causing increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss and often a marked appetite.
What happens in feline diabetes?
Insulin is produced by the pancreas and allows glucose to move from the blood into cells. Most diabetic cats initially still make insulin, but their tissues respond poorly to it. The pancreas has to work harder and may eventually fail to meet demand. Persistently high blood glucose spills into the urine and pulls water with it.
Which cats are most at risk?
- Overweight and inactive cats have a higher risk.
- Increasing age, male sex and certain medications can contribute.
- Acromegaly, pancreatitis and other hormonal or inflammatory diseases may cause insulin resistance.
- Genetics and individual susceptibility also matter; diabetes is not simply the result of one feeding choice.
Why early recognition matters
Untreated diabetes causes dehydration and loss of muscle and fat despite eating. Some cats develop diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening complication associated with vomiting, severe lethargy, dehydration and refusal to eat. Earlier diagnosis gives the best chance of stabilisation and, in some cats, remission.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis combines compatible clinical signs with persistent hyperglycaemia and glucose in the urine. Stress can temporarily raise a cat’s blood glucose, so fructosamine, repeat measurements and the wider clinical picture may be needed.
Conclusion
Diabetes is manageable, and some cats can enter remission. Increased thirst, larger urine clumps or unexplained weight loss are good reasons to arrange a veterinary examination promptly.